Cartoons s Influence On Women s Rights Movement

Cartoons have been a prominent and interesting apparatus for politics throughout the ages. Political movements, parties, and groups using propaganda to further their beliefs dates back to the eighteenth and nineteenth century. Though America faces an austere history, lighthearted propaganda colors its decades and gives them life. Political cartoons are so widely used in America that they have become a significant piece of pop culture. Moreover, because of their ability to capture the reader’s attention, propaganda is exploited throughout politics.The cartoons are wonders of the human imagination; illustrators create comical images and intertwine profound political opinions to influence their viewer’s mind. For example, one movement that abundantly grew from propaganda was the women’s rights movement. The artists of the seemingly despised cause drew controversial cartoons that set a fire in the hearts of women all over the world. Consequently, the same cartoons i gnited a passionate war between women who wanted freedom, and those who believed that women could not handle that freedom. Through the use of colorful concepts and daring expressions, political cartoons display the influence of the women’s rights movement throughout history, while the cartoons of Anti-Feminists demonstrates the world’s reaction to the movement. The women’s rights movement utilizes political propaganda to advance its message, as political operations have done for centuries. The message called forShow MoreRelatedWomen s Rights And Suffrage Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesI chose an article relating to the topic of women s rights and suffrage because it was a topic from my chapter in the book. I felt doing more research on the topic could make my presentation more informative and as well as having more sources to choose from. I believe that knowing about the fight for women s suffrage is important because it is the start of feminism and equal right s. Especially in this year, after my first time voting in this election season, I remember in history others could notRead MoreThe Role of the Vietnam War on the 1960s1807 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam War played a huge role in the 1960’s, over 50,000 people were killed, and the war began from a dispute from two colonies. Vietnam came apart along with Korea by an agreement of the north and the south. When John F Kennedy became president there were problems between Soviet Union and the United States. Cold war was getting worse and worse; President Eisenhower had to resolve the issues with berlin and Dictator Fidel Castro. These conflicts would eventually lead to a cordial resolutionRead MoreThe Anti-Intellectual Movement774 Words   |  4 Pagesanti-intellectual movement. The essay titled Anti-Intellectualism in American Life by Richard Hofstadter defines the anti-intellectual movement. The anti-intellectual movement began in the 1950’s â€Å"primarily as McCarthy ism the belief that the mind was at ruinous discount† (Hofstadter 3). Additionally, Merriam-Webster.com further defines the anti-intellectual movement as â€Å"opposing or hostile to intellectuals or an intellectual view or approach† (Merriam-Webster). The anti-intellectual movement impacted socialRead MoreApush Vietnam War886 Words   |  4 PagesThe 1960’s and 70’s were filled with turbulent changes. The US was still reeling from containment and its domino policy, leading it to believe that it had the right to exercise influence in foreign affair. One foreign affair was known as Vietnam. The Vietnam War was the longest war in the nation’s history. This war, from both abroad and at home, drastically changed the society of America, socially, economically, and politically. It caused for much anti-war sentiment and fueled the counter cultureRead MoreDbq on Prohibition805 Words   |  4 PagesDBQ The prohibition movement in the United States was very successful during the era of progressive reform, from 1900 to 1919. This is because of the social composition of the prohibitionists, their motives, strategy, and pressure-group tactics, and the relationship of prohibitionism to progressive reform. The prohibitionists attacked saloons with a passion, they appealed to womens rights, and they tried every mean possible to keep their areas ‘dry. Prohibitionists consisted of a few groupsRead More10 Years Old Children Prefer to Watch Cartoons Rather Than Other Tv Shows7337 Words   |  30 Pages10 years old children prefer to watch cartoons rather than other TV shows Marcela Reyes Quintana Claudia Arteaga Gà ³mez Jessica Morales Martà ­nez Danaee Jimà ©nez Guevara Sebastià ¡n Ortega Uribe Sebastià ¡n Dà ­az Carvalledo Universidad del Valle de Mà ©xico Professor: Sergio Bautista 31 / 05 / 2010 Prologue: Since the last decades, mass media has taken a big role on any society that exists nowadays. It is of great importance because of many reasons. One of them being because thanks to them informationRead MoreGender Is The Equivalent Of Fish Talking About Water Essay1552 Words   |  7 PagesAs are several other topics not discussed from kindergarten up to senior year of high school. Women’s study is present in undergraduate settings and creates this open discussion of personal experiences, authors’ definitions, and movements that have affected several rights that are not given respectful representation. Enrolling in Women’s study has created an environment of understand more of the abstract and thinking more not allowing the norm be accepted. Before taking Women’s Study I understoodRead MoreHistory Of Frontier And The Westward Movement2627 Words   |  11 Pagesthat the frontier plays a big role in American’s socialization and creating our typical characteristics. The history of frontier and the Westward movement influence a lot on American culture and behavior at the present. Although overtime, American may have made some changes through the globalization and the intercultural trend, there is still one influence, the most significant one, that is frequently used to identify American general culture: violence. However, not only our international friendsRead MoreHip Hop : A Revolution1155 Words   |  5 Pagesfor certain songs. B. Hip-hop style segmented into different sectors. In the 1980s drug culture was huge. Kids who benefitted from the culture donned jewelry, custom outfits, and extravagant fashions. Direct kids of the 1960s and the civil rights movement reflected elements of afrocentricity, which is seen in groups like Tribe Called Quest and Queen Latifah. Groups like Run DMC adopted the street look with sweat suits and Adidas shell toe sneakers. III. Influential Brands and Designers A. SportswearRead MoreEssay about Variations in Animation in Different Cultures1799 Words   |  8 PagesIts main focus was to lift the spirits of the Japanese children in the postwar period as everything struggled to regain balance, from the animation and film industry, to the economy and even Japanese society as a whole (MacWilliams 49). The 1950’s saw a flood of creativity in the Japanese animation field, leading up to the country’s second feature film in 1958, Hakujaden (The Legend of the White Serpent, aka Panda and the Magical Serpent). Created by the Toei Doga Company, this film showed that

We exist in a state where education is a prominent force...

We exist in a state where education is a prominent force of succeeding in life. Kids learn the critical and analytical skills for twelve years in school to prepare to graduate high school, and hopes of going on to a two or four college education. Today the American education system is no longer the finest in the world. With declining test scores and poor scholastic accomplishment, individuals have addressed whether our current educational system is working for us? To see how to tackle an issue, we must first understand what we are attempting to fix. Case in point, can a carpenter without any former medical experience repair a puncture lung? Obviously not, he or she must first hold the proper schooling necessary to do such a†¦show more content†¦Teachers and schools cant be conceded to the same responsibility as different schools when there exists no fairness with them as to finances, assets, accreditations of educators, and the abilities of students. Until schools can stay on equal ground, the information gave by state directed tests is hurting our school system more than making a difference. As it is presently, schools with low state directed test scores are penalized by having their elected subsidizing cut or diminished. The state of mind is, if you happen to drop underneath proper measures, resolve it, or you are out. Just how is this functioning to help schools raise test scores? This has had a negative effect on the probability of schools to advancement. For government endorsed testing to be convenient in the school schema, to think about instructors and schools answerable for what is taught, there must be a decency fabricated first in schools. In the event that government sanctioned testing, with the circumstances and end results it makes, stays in place as our education system, assessment of obligation, then schools will keep on failing, which will ensue in a deprivation of monetary resource and they will finally have to shut down. Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations stated â€Å"Knowledge is power. Information is liberating. Education is the premise of progress, in every society, in every family† (Annan). As such, knowledge givesShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Video Games On Society1274 Words   |  6 Pageshe/she could have done this, he/she is usually such a great kid.† The number one answer is video games, while that child is locked up in their room all day playing these games, what do you think runs through their mind. â€Å"This seems fun† *Calls Friend* â€Å"YOOO, I just stole a helicopter† *Friend* â€Å"Foreal† *Child* Yeah man, that was totally fun, I should try this one day.† All of these major crimes are happening because of these first person games and parents (not knowing any better) buy these games and sayRead MoreSatire And Irony About Jacking Off And Cancer Sticks2296 Words   |  10 Pagessense of w hy i was alive, the shout and holler of Cade and that kid s brother seemed to have faded in my ears. I didn t know if it was from the sound of gunshots taking a toll on my eardrums or what but I fucking vomited in front of Cade s gang. Yooo that s fucking gross. You aight bro?. Duuuuuude. The voices just all fade quieter by the second as my vision started to blur. I passed out, face first on the pavement. Everything was just black. I woke up the following morning on the couch

Customer Engagement on Facebook Free Essays

string(96) " overcome geographical restrictions and also help the company build fan communities world-wide\." Individual Research â€Å"Customer engagement of commercial brand community on Facebook† Ms. Benchawan Phumphuengsri ID: 543-9374 iMBA Batch 3 Section 19 BP6993 Individual Research Submitted to Assistant Professor Dr. Kriengsin Prasongsukarn Graduate School of business Assumption University Submission date: 12 April 2013 Word count: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Customer Engagement on Facebook or any similar topic only for you Order Now . words Abstract The rise of the Internet in worldwide there are opportunities and challenges have emerged for marketing brands and products. In its early days, the Internet was seen as an opportunity for marketers to communicate with consumers, and even to engage the customer in two-way communications. However, consumers are becoming overcome by marketers’ attempts to engage them in relationship marketing strategies. The marketing managers and planners should apply new ideas in order to make their brand community more effective because traditional web sites are no longer motivating customers to return and interact to the site. So it is important for the marketer to find out the strategy that involves the development of a virtual community around the brand by focusing on perceived benefits such as social benefits, entertainment benefits and economic benefits to the customer by using online media and social network which are more powerful marketing tools in the current day. In addition, interactions among members can influence the selection of brands, making effective communities very important for the company. In order to get a better understanding of the important factors of community engagement behaviour, this study will show which factor lead to successful online strategies for the marketing on Facebook fan page by using Product Moment Coefficient Pearson Correlation (Bivariate) to analyse the variables and explain that how social benefits, economic benefits and entertainment benefits have a relationship on customer community engagement behaviour. Acknowledgements To complete my individual research, I would like to thank you my advisor Assistant Professor Dr. Kriengsin Prasongsukarn for all helpful advices and guidance since the beginning up to the individual research completion. Moreover I have learned many things from him during the consulting time and he motivated me to try harder to understand and apply his teaching to real practice. I would like to thank to all of my friends, iMBA section 19 for their advice and encouragement which supported me to finish this individual research. Thank you to respondents of my questionnaires. Lastly I would like to thank my family who always believe in me that I could do study and work at the same time. I hope this research will be benefits the business towards understanding ways to enhance customer engagement with their brands. Table of Contents CHATER 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 INTRODUCTION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 1. 1 Background of the topic†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 1. 2 Statement of the problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 1. Research Objectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 1. 4 Scope of Research †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 1. 5 Limitations of research †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 1. 6 Significant of study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 1. 7 Definition of terms †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 CHATER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 2. 1 Theoretical Literature †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 2. 2 Related Literature Review †¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 2. 3 Summary table of findings of previous researches†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 3. 1 Theoretical Framework †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 3. 2 Conceptual Framework†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 12 3. 3 Research hypothesis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦.. †¦13 3. 4 Operationalization of the variables †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14 CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. . 15 4. 1 Method of Research †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15 4. Source of Data †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 15 4. 3 Research instrument †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦. 15 4. 4 Data Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16 4. 5 Summary of Hypotheses Testing †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 22 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 23 5. 1 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 23 5. 2 Recommendation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 24 5. 3 Future Study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 25 REFERENCE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. . 26 Appendix A Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 28 Appendix B Questionnaire †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 Customer engagement in a Facebook commercial brand community CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Background of the topic The reason to select the studying community engagement behaviors in a Facebook brand community of customers is because nowadays Facebook is a very famous social-networking website that has impacts on daily life and it socially influences the people’s choices. The world is moving toward the cyber world is which internet connections are easily access and reachable for every households and businesses. This study will show how the customer community engagement behavior affects perceived benefits of the Facebook commercial brand, and user of its services and applications. We will focus on both male and female respondents who are Facebook users and fans of at last one brand on Facebook, because these people can respond to our questionnaire effectively as they already experience social-networking. The company is looking for ways to brand loyalty among customers as the brand community offers both companies and customers new ways to engage with each other. Whilst companies aim at engaging with influencing members’ perceptions, loyal customers about the brand, sharing information, and learning from and about customers (Algesheimer et al. , 2005), customers perceive value through the variety of practices that they execute offline and online (Schau et al. , 2009). Although originally, an online brand community referred to a community on the www, recently social media network has been added to companies’ marketing and brand building activities (Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010). Attracted by the great number of users of Facebook so, the creative marketing activity in Facebook brand community will draw people to participate and make the brand succeed. This study will help the firm understand more about customer engagement in the Facebook brand community. 1. 1. 2 Social Network, Facebook Over the last years, the ways people search, share information and communicate with each other has changed dramatically (Hennig-Thurau et al. , 2010). Social media networks such as Facebook, Twitter, or YouTube are playing a major role and are more important in business communication. The changes force the company and brand to focus on online services in order to create relationships to customers. Facebook allows companies several services to contact and communicate with their customers. Fan pages are a very interesting tool for companies to use. Usual characteristics of fans are self-identification as a fan, cultural competence, emotional engagement, co-production and auxiliary consumption (Kozinets et al. , 2010). The Internet brought the possibility to overcome geographical restrictions and also help the company build fan communities world-wide. You read "Customer Engagement on Facebook" in category "Papers" In practice, Facebook users can be fans of a fan page by pressing the â€Å"like-button,† then it identifies that they like this brand and will present their profiles on social network. The content and information of fan page is automatically posted to the customer is Facebook news feed, and the customer can post comments on the fan page, interact with the brand, forward offers from the page as well as the interact with other community members (Jahn and Kunz. ,2012). 1. 2 Statement of problem As a social network, Facebook has affected the social life and activity of people in several ways. With its availability on many mobile devices, Facebook allows users to continuously stay in touch with friends, relatives and other connections wherever they are in the world, as long as there is access to the Internet. It can also tie people with same interests or beliefs through groups and other pages. This study will help the company to understand more how community engagement behavior in Facebook is important to the company for implementing the technique to create company brand perception and gain market share via Facebook. In addition, engaging with the brand community in different behaviors, receive different relationship benefits, for example entertainment, may make customers more satisfied. This assumption is based on the reasoning that customers. This study will investigate how a customer engagement behavior affects consumers perceived benefits, and assume a positive relationship between the constructs. (Gummerus et al. , 2012) 1. 3 Research objectives The research objective is to study the affects of community engagement behaviour of Facebook commercial brand on perceived benefits. The company can know more insight of customer behaviour especially the company who focuses on social network marketing activities. This study will help the company create marketing and content to their page on Facebook effectively to increase perceived benefit of the brand. * To study community engagement behaviour has a positive relationship on social benefit * To study community engagement behaviour has s positive relationship on entertainment benefit * To study community engagement behaviour has a positive relationship on economic benefit 1. Scope of research The research studied the affects of community engagement behaviour on three factors of perceived benefits. The three independent variables of perceived benefits factors are social benefit, entertainment benefit and economic benefit. The respondents of this research are male and female Facebook user in Bangkok. This research result would be advantage to the marketing department of the company who has community page of their br and on Facebook they can apply more attractive activities for their members. This study will help them to monitor their Facebook fan page effectively after they understand the fact that the brand community will help a firm draws individual customers and to create relationships with those customers, and also establishing long-term relationships. 1. 5 Limitations of research There are some limitations to this study of customer community engagement behaviours of commercial brands on Facebook. The study is limited to the engagement behaviour in a Facebook commercial brand community, while customers also engage with the brand in other ways. The limitations that need to be considered are first, self-selection of respondents affects the results which may come from inactive community users. Second, the behavioural measures were reported by the respondents themselves, and do not know that the answers are from actual behaviour or not. Finally, because the findings are based on commercial brand on Facebook page and the respondent have to be both Facebook user and commercial brand community page so this will represent only some portion of target customer of the company not the whole market 1. Significant of the study The findings in this study have several implications for social media strategies, and help the company to understand why customers participate in the Facebook brand community which is important to increasing more numbers of Facebook users to become brand community members and towards develop marketing on Facebook, which is lower cost than other commercial media. Firms may want to encourage and reward consumers to become more active on the site to receive maximal perceived benefits from the community (Gummerus et al. 2012). 1. 7 Definitions of Terms Fan pages the important tool on Facebook for brand communication. The company can use to integrate and interact with the customers effectively (Dholakia et al. , 2004). Community engagement behaviour is the customer behaviour that is more value than purchasing the product or service, and can be defined as a customer’s behavioural manifestations that have a focus as motivational drivers rather than purchasing by the brand or firm (van Doorn et al. , 2010). Social benefits results from interaction among the company and consumer and mention to recognition and also friendship (Gweinner et al. , 1998). Entertainment benefits is the relaxation and fun which customer perceive and could encourage community participation (Dholakia et al. , 2004). Economic benefits refer to people joining brand communities in order to get discounts and time savings, or to take part in marketing activity campaign and competitions (Gwinner et al. , 1998). CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2. Theoretical Literature Customer engagement in brand communities Customer engagement in brand communities causes the customer’s interactive experiences direct to the brand, is context-dependent, and develops consumers’ experience of brand value (Brodie et al. , 2011). Customer engagement is sometimes used to represent the highest form of loyalty (Bowden, 2009; Roberts and Alpert, 2010), but as behavioural indicator it comprises all kinds of behaviours, not only those t hat are characteristic of high degrees of loyalty (Libai, 2011; Narayandas, 1998). The customer engagement consists of five dimensions. First, customer engagement can be defined in a different ways depending on customer time, interest or preference this called customer’s resources. Second, it can generate in different of outcomes for the customer such as improvement in the service. Third, it can be different in scope and be momentary, for example on going behaviour or issuing a complaint. Fourth, it has various impact on the company both negative and positive impact. Fifth, customer can engage in the behaviours for specific purposes (van Doorn et al. , 2010). Consumers engage in a number of behaviours that tie their relationship with the brand. For example frequency of visit, buying behaviours, and intended behaviour which go beyond the traditional measure of the loyalty of the customer (Gummerus et al. , 2012). Perceived benefits of customer engagement in brand communities Before the existence of Web 2. 0, the customers did not consider social benefits important in an online context. They sought to experience trust benefit and special treatment benefit such as saving time and receiving special service rather than experience social benefit (Yen and Gwinner, 2003). The previous research studied on practical benefits which included informational and instrumental benefits (Dholakia et al. , 2004) which are often achievable through a Facebook fan page set up by the company. This study is focused on social, entertainment and economic benefits which we called perceived benefits. The reasons that people use social networking site are social connections such as keeping in touch with their friends and exchanging information such as events or gossip, (Raacke and Bonds-Raacke, 2008). In similar interest, Foster et al. 2010) found the important motivation of people to participate the social network is the perceived information value from the community and the connection to their friends. The experiential value that derives the satisfaction of the customer of using online services is entertainment (Mathwick et al. , 2001; Nambisan and Baron, 2009; Nonnecke et al. , 2006). Entertainment benefit can be expected as an important more than e-commerce in a brand community context. The Facebook fan pages spend their time with the community page such as game applications (Gummerus at al. 2012). Many previous researches also show that entertainment plays an important role as shared and consumed content on social networking sites (Sheldon, 2008; LaRose et al. , 2001). Economic benefits (Gwinner et al. , 1998) mention to people connecting brand communities because they want to get discounts and time savings, or to be a part in awards and competitions. 2. 2 Related Literature Review Brand Community The companies aim to engage with the loyal customers, influencing the member to have good perception toward the brand, distributing information and earning form and about customers (Algesheimer et al. , 2005), customer perceive value from the variety of practice that they perform online and offline (Schau et al. , 2009). An online brand community referred to a community on the World Wide Web, recently social media has been added to companies’ m arketing and brand building activities (Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010). In this study, brand community is defined as a group of people who possess a particular brand or who have a strong interest in a brand, and who are active both online and offline (Muniz and O’Guinn, 2001; Jeppesen and Frederiksen, 2006). Research on brand communities found several different dimensions, including geographic concentration, social context, size, and temporality (Dholakia et al. , 2004; McAlexander et al. , 2002). Regarding the size, Dholakia et al. , (2004) found the differences between small group-based communities and big communities in terms of motivation to join the communities. Another dimension is their temporality in communities, some are unchanging and others are short-term. The temporal stability of community members can be benefit to marketers as well as longevity associates with a long-term, stable market. Finally, geographically concentrated or scattered are considered as a dimension of communities (Hur at el. , 2011) The keys of brand community participation are hedonic and functional. Functional goals mention to information sharing among community members, while hedonic goals lead customer to have a positive experience over the interactions among the member (Holland and Baker, 2001). Regardless of which aim is established before a participation, the effect of brand community on private lives has been growing, for example over actual product consumption and purchasing, or the formation of opinions toward products or brands (Hagel and Armstrong, 1997), since they have been changing the role performed by existing reference groups (Constant et al. , 1996). The firms have begun to use brand communities for the strategic purpose of getting closer to a specific target market segment. Members of a brand community define the outline and particular community activities by the inter-relationships between members who like the same brand, and as they share information about the brand (Muniz and Schau, 2005), they set up brand-centered sub-culture (Schouten and McAlexander, 1995), which could be applied for companies’ brand-building strategies. Then, the interaction between brand communities and companies is helpful for the firms to analyse customers’ characteristics and needs more accurately, so that firms can achieve long-term customer relationships at a lower cost. . 3 Summary table of findings of previous researches. There are many researchers who studied about the customer engagement, brand community, social networking, social benefit, entertainment benefit and economic benefit. The researcher name, objective and result are as follow: Table 2. 1 Previous empirical studies CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 3. 1 Theoretical Framework From previous research two engagement behavioural factors were found, one being community behaviour and one being transactional behaviours as independent variables (Gummerus et al. , 2012). The variable measuring how often customers visit the page and react to the brand on Facebook. Therefore, the three constructs were social benefits, economic and entertainment benefits as mediator. The dependent variables were relationship outcome, one is satisfaction and one is loyalty. Figure 3. 1 Model of study on relationship benefits mediate the effect on customer engagement on relationship outcomes Source: Johanna Gummerus, Veronica Liljander, Emil Weman, Minna Pihlstrom, (2012),†Customer engagement in a Facebook brand community†, Management Research Review 35 (9), 857 – 877 . 2 Conceptual Framework The theoretical framework of relationship benefits mediate the effect on customer engagement on relationship outcomes (Gummerus et al. , 2012). The researcher adjusted the conceptual framework to study the relationship on customer engagement behaviour and perceived benefits as follows Figure 3. 2 Conceptual Framework There are three independent variables which are social benefit, entertainment benefit and economic benefit. The dependent variable of this conceptual framework is community engagement behaviour. . 3 Research hypothesis The hypotheses studies the relationship between customer engagement behaviour which is community engagement behaviour about the brand community on Facebook and perceived benefit which are social benefit, economic benefit and entertainment benefit and demonstrate that there is positive relationship of customer community engagement behaviour on perceived benefit for Facebook users in Thailand. Customer engagement in brand communities From previous studies, the researcher examined the customer behavioural engagement in a brand community relationship on perceived relationship benefits of Game Club in Facebook. For this study we will study a customer community engagement behaviour relationship on perceived relationship benefits of Facebook user in Thailand who are members of the commercial brand’s fan page. Perceived benefits of customer engagement in brand communities From previous studies, the researcher examined the relationship benefits mediation of customer engagement on satisfaction and loyalty of Game Club in Facebook. For this study we will research the relationship of customer community engagement behaviour and perceived benefits which are social benefit, entertainment benefit and economic benefit of Facebook user in Thailand who is fan page of the commercial brand. Hence, the hypothesized model can be summarized as shown below: H1: Community engagement behaviour has a positive relationship on social benefits. H2: Community engagement behaviour has a positive relationship on entertainment benefits. H3: Community engagement behaviour has positive relationship on economic enefits. 3. 4 Operationalization of the variables CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT 4. 1 Method of Research The Facebook user who is a member of the fan page of the brand on Facebook is defined as a target group to distribute the questionnaire in order to test the hypothesis. The questionnaires are available into two methods; one is online questionnaire and second is questionnaire paper. The respondent who answered the questionna ire of this study is all Thai Facebook users and also being a fan page of commercial brand on Facebook. The questionnaire combined 4 constructs which are customer community engagement behaviour construct, social benefit construct, entertainment benefit construct and economic benefit construct and consists of 23 questions which this research applied the question from the previous study base on this research objectives. 4. 2 Source of Data This research was applied from the previous study of customer engagement on Facebook. The information was collected from 208 respondents who are Facebook users and members of a commercial brand fan page and were tested to prove the hypotheses. The researcher collected data by distributed 58 questionnaires in Siam Square, Assumption University and Thai Summit Tower building in Bangkok, and posted a questionnaire online for Thai Facebook users and there is 150 respondents from online questionnaire. The date duration to collect the data is 24th February 2013 to 12th March 2013. 4. 3 Research instrument The instruments for gathering the data for the research are online questionnaire and paper questionnaire. To test the hypothesis the question paper consists of varies specific questions to measure the relationship of community engagement behaviours on three perceived benefit, social benefit, economic benefit and entertainment benefit. The questionnaires consist of four constructs. The Community engagement behaviours the perceived benefit statement was measured on a Five-point Likert scale with the anchors â€Å"Strongly agree† – â€Å"Strongly disagree†. Table 4. 1 Measurement Scale 4. 4 Data Analysis In this research, there are three types of data analysis. First, this study uses descriptive analysis to analyse the frequency and percentage of the data in screening question and demographic information. Second, this research use reliability analysis to test the reliability of each question for dependent and independent variables. Finally, this research use inferential analysis to analyse the correlation between variables by using Pearson correlation (Bivariate). Descriptive Analysis After screening question of the questionnaire from 208 respondents there are 200 respondents who are Facebook users and be a member of brand fan page and 8 respondents who are not Facebook user. The following table shows the frequency and percentage of demographic by using descriptive analysis. Table 4. 2 Screening question Facebook user From table 4. 2 of 208 respondents, we found 200 respondents are Facebook users 96. 2% (200) and 3. 8% (8) are not Facebook user. Brand fan page on Facebook From table 4. 2, after the first screening question we got 200 respondents who are members of a brand fan page on Facebook. Frequency of visit fan page From the table 4. 2, the highest percentage of visits to brand fan page on Facebook of the respondents is 1-3 times per week and the lowest percentage is once a month or seldom. There are 37. 5% (75) of respondents who visit 1-3 times per week, 29. 5% (59) of visit daily, 20% (40) of 4-6 times per week, 7% (14) of 2-3 times per month and 6% (12) of once a month or seldom. Table 4. 3 Demographic information Factor of Gender From the table 4. 2, the highest percentage of respondents was female. There are 56. 5% (113) of female respondents and 43. 5% (87) of male respondents. Factor of Age From the table 4. 2, the highest percentage of respondents was age 25-29 years old and the lowest percentage is age below 20 years old. There are 69% (138) of age 25 to 29 years old, 16% (32) of age 21 to 24 years old, 12. 5% (25) of age 30 and above and 2. 5% (5) of age below 20 years old. Factor of education level From the table 4. 2, the highest percentage of respondents was college/university level and the lowest percentage is high school level. There are 66. 5% (133) of college/university level, 31. 5% (63) of advance degree level and 2% (4) of high school level. Table 4. 4 The Analysis of Descriptive statistics of constructs by using Average Mean and Standard Deviation Reliability Analysis The purpose of testing the reliability is to measure the question of each variable by using Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha test. The results of each variable are as follows: Table 4. 5 The reliability Analysis of Research Instrument From table 4. 5, the results show that the reliability of all variables is greater than . 6 so all questions are reliable to use for this study. Inferential Analysis There are 3 independent variables which are social benefit, entertainment benefit and social benefit to analyse the relationship with community engagement behaviour by using Coefficient Pearson Correlation (Bivariate). Each independent variable has a positive relationship to community engagement behaviour and significant value is less than 0. 01 which means all hypotheses are fail to reject (supported). Hypothesis 1: Community engagement behaviour has a positive relationship on social benefits. Table 4. 6 The Analysis of relationship between Community engagement behaviour and Social benefit As the result in table 4. 6, the sig. is equal to . 000 which is less than . 01 (. 000 . 01). It means that null hypothesis is rejected. Then there is a relationship between community engagement behaviour and social benefit at the . 01 significant level. At . 260, it means that there is a weak positive relationship between community engagement behaviour and social benefit. It can conclude that two variables move to the same direction or if the customer has high community engagement behaviour their perceived social benefit is high. Hypothesis 2: Community engagement behaviour has a positive relationship on entertainment benefits. Table 4. 7 The Analysis of relationship between Community engagement behaviour and Entertainment benefit As the result in table 4. 7, the sig. is equal to . 011 which is less than . 05 (. 011 . 05). It means that null hypothesis is rejected. Then there is a relationship between community engagement behaviour and social benefit at the . 05 significant level. At . 180, it means that there is weak positive relationship between community engagement behaviour and entertainment benefit. It can conclude that two variables move to the same direction or if the customer has a high community engagement behaviour their perceived entertainment benefit is high. Hypothesis 3: Community engagement behaviour has a positive relationship on economic benefits. Table 4. 8 The Analysis of relationship between Community engagement behaviour and economic benefit As the result in table 4. 8, the sig. is equal to . 000 which is less than . 01 (. 000 . 01). It means that null hypothesis is rejected. Then there is a relationship between community engagement behaviour and social benefit at the . 01 significant level. At . 257, it means that there is a weak positive relationship between community engagement behaviour and economic benefit. It can conclude that two variables move to the same direction or if the customer has high community engagement behaviour their perceived economic benefit is high. 4. 5 Summary of Hypotheses Testing There are three hypothesis of this research to test relationship between independent variables that are social benefit, entertainment benefit and economic benefit and dependent variable that is community engagement behaviour of a brand fan page on Facebook by using Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. Table 4. 9 Summary of Hypotheses Testing The result from these hypothesis state that perceived benefit which are social benefit, entertainment benefit and economic benefit are important factor of customer engagement. All hypotheses are supported and positive related to customer engagement behaviour. CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5. 1 Conclusion The findings in this study have practical implications for marketing practices. First of all, there is a positive relationship between community engagement behaviour and perceived benefit that are social benefit, entertainment benefit and economic benefit. The effectiveness of creating marketing on a Facebook fan page of the company can increase the customer engagement successfully. Second, the more customers interact to the brand on Facebook the more they perceive social benefit, entertainment benefit and conomic benefit. This research found that social benefit has the strongest relationship toward community engagement behaviour. The customers are likely to interact with the brand because they like to exchange information and experience and community with people who has the same interest. Entertainment benefit is also has a relationship to the community engagement behaviour when the customer has high attention to the brand fan page on Facebook can be indicate that they perceive the entertainment benefit value. There is a high customer engagement level when the entertainment benefits that the customers perceive are high. The study also found that the relationship of economic factor and customer engagement behaviour is positive so the interactive of customer toward the brand on Facebook is high when the customer perception of the economic factors is high. The important role of developing brand community on Facebook of the company should make every effort to actively manage social, economic and entertainment benefit respectively in order to engage the customer on online communities successfully. . 2 Recommendation A significant issue of great interest to the brand is how participants in online communities become associated with a brand over time. The building of online communities is supposed to be an effective means of marketing communication which create multiple benefits; for example, improving brand awareness and target marketing. The providing of social, economic and entertainment benefi t to online communities will encourages community members to jointly engage to the company effectively. As Facebook became a successful tool of the companies to promote the brand and create customer relationship online and widely broadcast as there is the largest number of user in social media network so, the companies should focused on creating their brand community on Facebook by developing the factors of social, economic and entertainment benefit in order to get customer attention and interaction toward the brand and go beyond the transaction then it can generate loyalty of the brand successfully. 5. 3 Future Study For this study we focused on the customer community engagement behaviour of ommercial brand on Facebook for and as the brand communities in social media increases on customer behaviour towards multiple community sites so the next research we can study about the customers engagement behaviour towards other social media brand communities, and compare what are the important factors of customer who joins these communities. Moreover we can study the differences of customersâ⠂¬â„¢ point of view between the Facebook brand communities and other popular online brand communities such as Twitter, You Tube and Instagram to find out whether customers engage in both, or they prefer using one over the other social media network. Finally, we can study customer’s engagement in different behaviours such as transactional behaviour and find out their expectations on the online communities. REFERENCE Algesheimer, R. , Dholakia, U. M. and Herrmann, A. (2005), â€Å"The social influence of brand community: evidence from European car clubs†, Journal of Marketing, 69,19-34. Brodie, R. J. and Hollebeek, L. D. (2011), â€Å"Advancing and consolidating knowledge about customer engagement†, Journal of Service Research, 14 (3), 283-4. Constant, D. , Sproull, L. and Kiesler, S. 1996), â€Å"The kindness of strangers: the usefulness of electronic weak ties for technical advice†, Organization Science, 7 (2), 119-35. Dholakia, U. M. , Bagozzi, R. P. and Pearo, L. K. (2004), â€Å"A social influence model of consumer participation in network- and small-group-based virtual communities†, International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21 (3), 241-63. Dholakia, U. M. , Bagozzi, R. P. and Pearo, L . K. (2004), â€Å"A social influence model of consumer participation in network- and small-group-based virtual communities†, International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21 (3), 241-63. Gwinner, K. P. , Gremler, D. D. and Bitner, M. J. (1998), â€Å"Relational benefits in service industries: the customer’s perspective†, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 26 (2), 101-14. Hur, W-M. , Park, J. and Kim, M. (2010), â€Å"The role of commitment on the customer benefits-loyalty relationship in mobile service industry†, Service Industries Journal, 30 (14), 2293-309. Johanna Gummerus, Veronica Liljander, Emil Weman, Minna Pihlstrom, (2012),†Customer engagement in a Facebook brand community†, Management Research Review, 35 (9), 857 – 877 Kaplan, A. M. and Haenlein, M. (2010), â€Å"Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media†, Business Horizons, 53, 59-68. Mathwick, C. , Malhotra, N. and Rigdon, E. (2001), â€Å"Experiential value: conceptualization, measurement and application in the catalog and internet shopping environment†, Journal of Retailing, 77 (1), 9-16. Muniz, A. M. and O’guinn, T. C. (2001),â€Å"Brand community†, Journal of Consumer Research, 27, 412-32. McAlexander, J. H. , Schouten, J. W. and Koenig, H. F. (2002), â€Å"Building brand community†, Journal of Marketing, 66 (1), 38-54. Schau, H. J. , Mun? iz, A. M. and Arnould, E. J. (2009), â€Å"How brand community practices create value†, Journal of Marketing, 73, 30-51. an Doorn, J. (2011), â€Å"Comment: customer engagement: essence, dimensionality, and boundaries†, Journal of Service Research, 14 (3), 280-2. van Doorn, J. , Lemon, K. N. , Mittal, V. , Nass, S. , Doree? n, P. , Pirner, P. and Verhoef, P. C. (2010),â€Å"Customer engagement be havior: theoretical foundations and research directions†, Journal of Service Research, 13 (3), 253-66. Won-Moo Hur, Kwang-Ho Ahn , Minsung Kim (2011) â€Å"Building brand loyalty through managing brand community commitment†, Management Decision, 49 (7), 1194-1213. Yen, H. J. R. and Gwinner, K. P. 2003), â€Å"Internet retail customer loyalty: the mediating role of relational benefits†, International Journal of Service Industry Management, 14 (5), 483-500. Appendix A: Data Analysis FREQUENCY AND DESCRIPTIVE Demographic Gender: Gender| | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| Male| 87| 43. 5| 43. 5| 43. 5| | Female| 113| 56. 5| 56. 5| 100. 0| | Total| 200| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Age: Age| | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| Below 20| 5| 2. 5| 2. 5| 2. 5| | 20 – 24| 32| 16. 0| 16. 0| 18. 5| | 25 – 29| 138| 69. 0| 69. 0| 87. 5| | 30 and above| 25| 12. 5| 12. 5| 100. 0| | Total| 200| 100. | 100. 0| | Educati on: Education| | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| High school| 4| 2. 0| 2. 0| 2. 0| | College/University| 133| 66. 5| 66. 5| 68. 5| | Advance degree| 63| 31. 5| 31. 5| 100. 0| | Total| 200| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Visit fan page on Facebook: Visit times| | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| Once a month or more seldom| 12| 6. 0| 6. 0| 6. 0| | 2-3 times per month| 14| 7. 0| 7. 0| 13. 0| | 1-3 times per week| 75| 37. 5| 37. 5| 50. 5| | 4-6 times per week| 40| 20. 0| 20. 0| 70. 5| | Daily| 59| 29. 5| 29. 5| 100. 0| | Total| 200| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Descriptive Statistics| N| Minimum| Maximum| Mean| Std. Deviation| Read| 200| 1| 5| 4. 08| . 953| Like| 200| 1| 5| 3. 02| 1. 149| Write| 200| 1| 5| 2. 44| 1. 226| Because I want to get to know other commercial brand community members| 200| 2| 5| 4. 09| . 775| To provide information to other brand community members| 200| 2| 5| 4. 04| . 693| To share my ideas with other commercial brand community members| 200| 2| 5| 4. 01| . 716| Because I want to stay in touch with other brand community members| 200| 2| 5| 4. 03| . 698| To help other community members| 200| 2| 5| 3. 83| . 751| To feel needed by brand or other community members| 200| 1| 5| 3. 8| . 843| To get help from other community members| 200| 2| 5| 3. 91| . 727| To get entertained| 200| 1| 5| 3. 81| . 861| To relax| 200| 1| 5| 3. 81| . 835| To pass time when I am bored| 200| 2| 5| 3. 80| . 837| To get bonuses| 200| 2| 5| 3. 90| . 874| To get better service| 200| 1| 5| 3. 60| . 972| To get fast responses| 200| 1| 5| 3. 63| . 979| To participate in brand activity| 200| 1| 5| 3. 73| . 868| Valid N (listwise)| 200| | | | | RELIABILITY Customer community engagement behavior Reliability Statistics| Cronbach’s Alpha| N of Items| .933| 3| Social benefits Reliability Statistics| Cronbach’s Alpha| N of Items| 883| 7| Entertainment benefits Reliability Statistics| Cronbach’s Alpha| N of Items| .889| 3| Econo mic benefits Reliability Statistics| Cronbach’s Alpha| N of Items| .839| 4| INFERENTIAL ANALYSIS Relationship between Customer engagement behavior and Social benefits Correlations| | MeanCEB| MeanSB| MeanCEB| Pearson Correlation| 1| . 260**| | Sig. (2-tailed)| | . 000| | N| 200| 200| MeanSB| Pearson Correlation| . 260**| 1| | Sig. (2-tailed)| . 000| | | N| 200| 200| **. Correlation is significant at the 0. 01 level (2-tailed). | Relationship between Customer engagement behavior and Entertainment benefits Correlations| MeanCEB| MeanETB| MeanCEB| Pearson Correlation| 1| . 180*| | Sig. (2-tailed)| | . 011| | N| 200| 200| MeanETB| Pearson Correlation| . 180*| 1| | Sig. (2-tailed)| . 011| | | N| 200| 200| *. Correlation is significant at the 0. 05 level (2-tailed). | Relationship between Customer engagement behavior and Economic benefits Correlations| | MeanCEB| MeanECB| MeanCEB| Pearson Correlation| 1| . 257**| | Sig. (2-tailed)| | . 000| | N| 200| 200| MeanECB| Pearson Correlati on| . 257**| 1| | Sig. (2-tailed)| . 000| | | N| 200| 200| **. Correlation is significant at the 0. 01 level (2-tailed). | APPENDIX B: QUESTIONNAIRE Customer Engagement in a Facebook brand community IBM Business Research Methodology (BP 6902) Master of Business AdministrationAssumption University ————————————————- ————————————————- As part of our Master Degree studies, we are in need of collecting some data that Customer Engagement in a Facebook brand community. It will be highly appreciated if you could spend few minutes with us to complete this questionnaire. Your information will be kept as confidential and this only we use for our research purpose. Thank you very much for your cooperation. Part I: Screening Question 1. Do you have Facebook account? ( ) YES ( ) NO ( ) 2. Are you a fan of fan page of brand community on Facebook? ( ) YES ( )If yes, please go to the next Question ( ) NO ( )If no, end of questionnaire ( ) 3. How often you visit commercial brand community fan page on Facebook? Daily ( ) 4-6 times per week(4-6 ) 1-3 times per week(1-3 ) 2-3 times per month (2-3 Once a month or more seldom (1 ) Part II: Measurement of Dependents Variables 1. Customer community engagement behavior (is defined as a Facebook user’s interact to the brand on Facebook fan page) Statements began with: I am a Facebook commercial brand community 5= strongly agree, 4 = agree, 3= neutral, 2= disagree, and 1= strongly disagree 5 = , 4 = , 3 = , 2 = 1 = 1)You are regularly read message of the brand on Facebook fan page 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| 2) You are regularly press like message of the brand on Facebook fan page | 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| 3) You are regularly write comment of the bra nd on Facebook fan page | 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| Part III: Measurement of Independent Variables 2. Social benefit (is defined as a Facebook user’s perception toward social benefit) Statements began with: I am a Facebook commercial brand community 5= strongly agree, 4 = agree, 3= neutral, 2= disagree, and 1= strongly disagree 5 = 4 = , 3 = , 2 = 1 = 1)Because I want to get to know other commercial brand community members | 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| 2) To provide information to other brand community members | 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| 3) To share my ideas with other commercial brand community members | 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| 4) Because I want to stay in touch with other brand community members 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| 5) To help other community members | 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| 6) To feel needed by brand or other community members | 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| 7) To get help from other community members | 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| 3. Entertainment benefit (is defined as Facebook user’s perception toward entertainment benefit ) 5= strong ly agree, 4 = agree, 3= neutral, 2= disagree, and 1= strongly disagree 5 = , 4 = , 3 = 2 = 1 = 1) To get entertained | 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| 2) To relax | 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| 3) To pass time when I am bored | 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| 5 Economic benefit (is defined as Facebook user’s perception toward Economic benefit) 5= strongly agree, 4 = agree, 3= neutral, 2= disagree, and 1= strongly disagree 5 = , 4 = , 3 = , 2 = 1 = 1) To get bonuses | 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| 2) To get better service | 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| 3) To get fast responses | 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| 4) To participate in marketing activity campaign | 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| Part IV: Demographic 1. Gender Male  Ã‚   ( )Female ( ) 2. Age Below 20  ( 20 )20-24 25-29  Ã‚   30 and above (30 ) 4. What is your education level? Middle School   High School College/University Advance Degree — Thank You for Your Time — How to cite Customer Engagement on Facebook, Papers

System Impact and Contingency Factors †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the System Impact and Contingency Factors. Answer: Introduction: In the current modern times the use of technology has a very positive impact towards healthcare. The use of computers and communication technology (e-health) is required nowadays to improve facilities for normal patients, elderly patients and their treatment (Ben-Assuli, 2015). But some factors are there which creates difference between knowledge of use of this e-health facilities and its application. In recent studies it has been found that the the use of technology in health field has been widely accepted as necessity but the implementation of these is very slow. It has been found in studies that a leading hospital in Australia had reduction in performance, demoralization of staffs and loss of huge amount of money and loss of trust in society due to failure in application of technology in the hospital. Thus it is found that there is a urgency in finding out the factors which hamper the application of technology in healthcare and to develop methods and ways to reduce these factors a nd implement technology (Chaudoir, Dugan Barr, 2013).. This report is based on the details of factors which impacts the implementation of technology in health care areas. The factors can be of any types and needs to be worked on to improve the healthcare department with the help of technologies. Adaptability of technology: The ability of technology to adjust to fit in the local area is one of the important factors in selection of vendor and technology that the vendor sells. Those technologies in which adjustments related to techniques can be made so that it can adapt to the constant modifying nature of the environment will be highly accepted and adopted. To overcome this adaptability factor such methods have to be devised so that the computer systems can use software so that it gets interconnected and are able to exchange and utilize the information. For example a major problem in adaption of Electronic Health Records (EHR) was that the new computers were not able to exchange information with old computers which were already there because of lack of standard data (Cresswell Sheikh, 2013). These factors includes slow performance of computer, software and hardware related problem (Difficulty in use) urgency of modification of system software, problems in data transfer between two computers, handling of data slow speed, and connectivity of internet. These factors impact the implementation of computers in healthcare (LeRouge et al., 2013). To solve this problem the vendors related to e-health system supply should provide computers which are user friendly and also should provide guides and technical assistance for the users. The main problem with the implementation of technology includes cost of system for e-health and also cost involved for its implementation in health care domain. Cost factors are related to cost involved in start up, cost in normal day to day function and costs related to loss of revenue and savings. The new set up of e-health care which includes purchase of new systems and its installation is another barrier. For this problem to be resolved, help from some insurer and agencies of government are required (Li et al., 2013).. Worries about continuous expenses were likewise announced as obstructions to selection. Proof of cost-sharing and degrees of profitability were appeared to be vital in progressing utilization of advancements. Setting up cost-adequacy through formal assessments, financing of administrations on a greater scale, and upgrading plans of action and motivating forces were proposed as methodologies to help beat cost-related boundaries. An absence of legislation and policies and risk concerns can hamper the implementation of e-health systems in the healthcare domain. There is a requirement for understanding needs of standards for putting e-health care in practice. The health professional have problems regarding safety of data of patient and the legal insurance of patient. Thus they need creation of standards for exchange of e-health information between computers and organization without losing integrity of data (Lian, Yen Wang, 2014). Motivations by government associations and other outer partners can encourage adoption by health care centre. Money related motivations incorporate the arrangement of initial fund to take care of forthright expenses, budgetary sponsorship, repayments for appropriation and pay-for-execution activities. Compatibility of climate factor for implementation: The new technology which is being implemented should be adjustable or fit perfectly within the health care organization. Sometimes the information systems are not being utilized in daily practices and clinical work. The health professionals and staff may have thinking that the new technology will disturb the normal work flow and delivery of care. These create a barrier in adaptability. If e-health systems and the work place to which this it is implemented fit together and if positive environment exists then only proper use of technologies will be possible (Nguyen, Bellucci Nguyen, 2014).. In some studies it is found that the introduction of e-health system changes the job role responsibilities and working styles of staffs and doctors of hospital. Sometimes the staffs dont cooperate with this new system because they feel uneasy as they have new roles and responsibilities to handle. This leads to bad effect in flow of work. Training to staff for technical knowledge and methods for adaptation of staffs to new roles and responsibility is required to remove this factor. For successful application of e-health system some other factors are also responsible like proper electrical supply, good bandwidth, high speed internet, access to computers and phone lines, mobile phones (Middleton et al., 2013).. Proper knowledge and information regarding that is required so that the technology to be applied and adaptability of staffs to it will be possible. The benefits of technology and knowledge of it has to be given to the staffs and health persons so that they get used to the new technology and productivity increases. For this a proper highly qualified and well funded trainer is required (Shortliffe Cimino, 2013). Normal ability and beliefs of staffs and normal society act as positive and negative factor in implementation of technology in health care. If the professionals of health department accept and gel up with the new technology then it is positive sign but if they dont want to understand the importance and give resistance then its negative barrier. The negative thoughts are that the new technology will not help the staffs and will cause problem in patient care facility. According to them the normal working style is better and technology will cause hindrance. Positive thoughts people will take new role as a challenge and would believe that technology will help in patient care. For removal of negative thoughts from staffs proper education and training has to be provided. Application of technology also leads to reduction in number of staffs as one computer will ease work of many staffs. So this will create a situation where staffs may think that introduction of it will relieve the staffs fr om their duties. Thus proper counseling of these staffs is also required. A communication class has to be conducted in which knowledge of staffs has to be increased and proper user friendly guidance of systems has to be given (Page, 2014). Skills of healthcare staffs: The healthcare professionals skills of computer and their knowledge of technology and abilities to handle new computer techniques is one of the factor which cause problem in implementation of technology. Some of the staffs who may be working for long time in old process and are also aged will find problem in handling computers (Peek et al., 2014).. They are use to keep data in written form and in file but after application of computers they have to keep the data in computers which they might feel difficult. Proper planning is required for application of new techniques and its success. If proper strategic planning is absent then the technology cant be implemented. The work of arranging incorporates the depiction of roles and its responsibilities securing time to contribute framework choice and acquisition assessing other accompanying policy and process changes. Engaging highly trained employees in selecting and developing of e-health systems are required for planning and implementation of these technologies in health care. Proper checking and valuation is also important to increase interest among health professionals towards new technology by teaching them the benefits (Street, Gold Manning, 2013).But if these checking are not done then it acts negative impact towards application of technology. Conclusion: New technology is a blessing in todays healthcare. The uses of computer in health care are very important in this generation. It helps in keeping data regarding patient and their care and treatment. Now keeping data in files has become outdated. Now the computers are also interconnected in which data can be shared between systems and also organizations. But there are many factors which cause hindrance in this path of technology up gradation. These factors do not allow the technology to be applied in frame of work. But if these factors are removed and proper planning is done then these technologies can be very useful for the staffs and patient for treatment and care. This report has stated many factors which cause problem in implementation of technology. The study of these factors and removal of these can help in implementation of technology in healthcare. References: Ben-Assuli, O. (2015). Electronic health records, adoption, quality of care, legal and privacy issues and their implementation in emergency departments.Health Policy,119(3), 287-297. Chaudoir, S. R., Dugan, A. G., Barr, C. H. (2013). Measuring factors affecting implementation of health innovations: a systematic review of structural, organizational, provider, patient, and innovation level measures.Implementation Science,8(1), 22. Cresswell, K., Sheikh, A. (2013). Organizational issues in the implementation and adoption of health information technology innovations: an interpretative review.International journal of medical informatics,82(5), e73-e86. LeRouge, C., Ma, J., Sneha, S., Tolle, K. (2013). User profiles and personas in the design and development of consumer health technologies.International journal of medical informatics,82(11), e251-e268. Li, J., Talaei-Khoei, A., Seale, H., Ray, P., MacIntyre, C. R. (2013). Health care provider adoption of eHealth: systematic literature review.Interactive journal of medical research,2(1), e7. Lian, J. W., Yen, D. C., Wang, Y. T. (2014). An exploratory study to understand the critical factors affecting the decision to adopt cloud computing in Taiwan hospital.International Journal of Information Management,34(1), 28-36. Middleton, B., Bloomrosen, M., Dente, M. A., Hashmat, B., Koppel, R., Overhage, J. M., ... Zhang, J. (2013). Enhancing patient safety and quality of care by improving the usability of electronic health record systems: recommendations from AMIA.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,20(e1), e2-e8. Nguyen, L., Bellucci, E., Nguyen, L. T. (2014). Electronic health records implementation: an evaluation of information system impact and contingency factors.International journal of medical informatics,83(11), 779-796. Page, T. (2014). Notions of innovation in healthcare services and products.International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development,8(3), 217-231. Peek, S. T., Wouters, E. J., van Hoof, J., Luijkx, K. G., Boeije, H. R., Vrijhoef, H. J. (2014). Factors influencing acceptance of technology for aging in place: a systematic review.International journal of medical informatics,83(4), 235-248. Shortliffe, E. H., Cimino, J. J. (Eds.). (2013).Biomedical informatics: computer applications in health care and biomedicine. Springer Science Business Media. Street, R. L., Gold, W. R., Manning, T. R. (2013).Health promotion and interactive technology: Theoretical applications and future directions. Routledge.

This Week We Offered A Plan To End Welfare As We Know It

This week we offered a plan to end welfare as we know ita plan that will encourage personality and help strengthen our families through tougher child support, more education and training, and an absolute requirement to go to work after a period of time. -Bill Clinton, radio address, 6/18/94 The welfare system is in deep distress. From the time of Franklin Delano Roosevelt to the current reigning of Bill Clinton, many a bills have been brought for to reform it. Originally, Roosevelt established the system as a type of government stripend to financially challenged individuals; however, it was not intended to act as a dependent income for them (Tucker 45). Even though many changes have been made over the past three years, it has not made much of an impact on the problems at hand (Pear). Officials discovered that many welfare recipients misuse the benefits. Studies have shown that the welfare system should begin by providing job placement, ending benefits for illegitimacy, and educating the young. First, the aspect of job placement is directly related to the misuse of welfare. In order to succeed at rising employment rates, current wages have to increase dramatically. A welfare check ranges form $5.53 to $17.50 an hour; in a like manner, minimum wage is less than an hourly welfare check (Tilly 8). People desire the higher money of a welfare check to that of a low-paying job (Tweedie 117; Tanner 18). This dependency on receiving the check causes many problems not just with the current generation, but future generations will also be similarly affected. These children are acquiring the habits of their parent or parents, thus creating a permanent underclass (Tucker 45). Economic incentives for staying on welfare should be abolished. People should no longer be allowed to remain on the system for extended periods of time. In accordance with the lesser incentives, the government should place more emphasis on raising the current hourly wage (Haskins 126). Most importantly, the government needs to portray a working world in which job training is not only the standard, but also the required (Tanner 17). Providing jobs with training not only educates the person, but also supplies him or her with opportunities to acquire a better paying job with a future (Willis 4). This training would not just teach skills, but it would make job development workers move more people into the mainstream (Garr 193). In Wisconsin, Republican legislators have devised a method of reform called W-2 Wisconsin Works. W-2 is a work program that would require all recipients over eighteen to work for cash assistance (Tweedie 117). Many welfare recipients are often stereotyped as lazy; moreover, these recipients need to take charge of their lives (Leavitt 22). They need to realize that they are capable of doing competent work. They hav e to compete to prosper. Second, illegitimacy needs to be curbed by stopping aid to promiscuous mothers who continue to have out-of-wedlock pregnancies. The establishment of anti-illegitimacy policies is imperative. These policies should propose to stop payment to unwed others (Haskins 126). The government should not reward for illegitimacy. According to Ron Haskins, Trying to help poor children by giving their underage mothers cash will often simply produce more poor children, reformers argued. Wise societies don't reward births outside of marriage in this way (Haskins 126). If a young woman becomes pregnant again, she does not have to make a choice between living at home with her parents or finding a husband. She simply can continue to produce more illegitimate children. This reoccurrence of illegitimacy is exactly one of the reasons that a stopping of incentives is needed (Tucker 45). In a like manner, the most effective way to reduce births is with a family cap. The family cap is a provision that denies greater cash to women who continue to have births while receiving welfare (Donovan 73). It is designed to discourage out-of-wedlock births (Sollom 41). The government needs to include a child exclusion provision like both China and Japan currently have (Donovan 73). Disincentives are required to act as the primary strategy for regulating poor women's reproductive behaviors (Sollom 41). This unorthodox behavior causes much strain on the welfare system, since the state rewards extra money for additional children. Third,

Freud COM 315 Essay

Freud COM 315 Essay Freud COM 315 Essay Freud interpreted dream, within his study he discovered psychoanalysis of dream. He explained the way our mind and thoughts are interpreted when we sleep. Freud claimed that repressed some of our dreams without even knowing. He also related many sexual relationships to our dreams, these sexual stages started when we were babies and lead up to our current age. Freud focuses on symbolism, symbolism in dreams played a major role in understanding, this gave the dreamer a better understanding of there dream and left no room for what this symbol meant: â€Å"Symbols are stable translations, they realize to some extent the ideal of the ancient as well as the popular interpretation of dreams, from which, with our technique, we had departed widely.† Another analysis is he claims we have a ‘manifest dream’, this is the part of the dream that we choose to remember. The ‘latent dream’ is where there is hidden meaning. Also along with symbolism, is the sexual symbol on our dreams, like an oven represents a child in the womb and trees and umbrellas can be related to male genitalia. Children and siblings in dreams can be seen as animals. A criticism on Freud’s work claims, â€Å"We are not, aware of everything that is going on in our minds, only that we are aware of little that is going on in our minds, only a small portion of our mental life is accessible to us.† We don’t know what these dreams means, which relates to the ‘manifest dream’, were the unconscious disguises the dream so we don’t know and never will know the inner meaning. Many people criticize Freud’s theory and say it’s â€Å"ridiculous†, â€Å"pencils and cigars as penises is simply absurd.† I believe this in trying to relate my dreams to what goes on in my life just doesn’t make sense. I try to just think of my dreams as media, just made imagery from my mind, something to keep me sleeping throughout the night, ‘sleep entertainment’, much like the entertainment we watch on television. If I dream of a an oven and baking, does this relate to birth (bun in oven), I d on’t think so, I use my oven everyday to cook â€Å"an oven is just an oven,† or as the criticism of Freud says, â€Å" Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar.† When fairytales plays a role with dreams it has been said that a king and queen can be related to one’s mother and father. A person looks to their parents as these powerful fairytale characters in their dreams. I have to partly disagree because i grew up without parents and it’s hard for me to make a king and queen symbolize parents when I had my grandmother raise me. As for my daughter, who has grown up with the ‘norm’ mother and father, she may dream of kings and queens and relate this to my husband and I. Freud says that dreams have narrative structure just like the movies we see, so this is why he believes they have so much meaning just as the shows we watch. The

Yushin Constitution and Its Impact to Korean Political Culture Essay

Yushin Constitution and Its Impact to Korean Political Culture - Essay Example amline the dipping Korean economy back on right track because he was afraid of the people’s agitation when implementing strict measures to stabilize the economy. He has modified even the constitution to remain in power as long as possible. This paper briefly explains Yushin constitution implemented by Park Chung Hee in order to make his ways clear in Korean politics. Park has adopted dictatorship for implementing strict economic reforms and to silence the critiques. Though his first two terms as president was comparatively better, during his third term he really attained the form of a true dictator by implementing strict regulations on public life. He declared emergency in South Korea in December 1971, immediately after being chosen as president for the third term. Later he has suspended the constitution and the parliament in order to make his path smooth for implementing authoritarian administration. â€Å"A new constitution, (Yushin constitution) which would permit the reelection of the president for an unlimited number of six-year terms, was promulgated in December, launching the Fourth Republic†. (South Korea) â€Å"The word Yusin (Yushin) means restoration though what was restored is still debatable†. (Fourth Republic of South Korea) The main purpose of implementing Yushin constitution was to stick in power as long as possible. The earlier constitution was not suitable for him to implement his reforms and dictatorship and hence he suspended it using the limitless power of president. Park was well aware of the fact that because of his authoritarian approach people doesn’t like him and any political election may result in his failure. Moreover he realized that his defeat in elections would definitely lead to his prosecution by the new government because of the massacres he has committed. So the only option left for him to remain power was to revise the constitution. In effect the Yushin constitution has given legal authorities to Park’s presidency and

IT Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IT - Research Paper Example This serves as the main difference between quantitative and qualitative research. This is because the former does not embrace transitional social aspects in terms of interpretation (Cooper & Hedges, 1994). Cooper, H. & Hedges, L. V. (1994). The Handbook of Research Synthesis. New York: Russell Sage Foundation Q2. The aspect of rigidity is cited as one of the major weaknesses of survey data. Most researchers miss out on important information that may come from interviewees predominantly because of lack of space. This emanates from a rigid design that does not allow for unforeseen information from the masses. Therefore, it becomes difficult for the individual to collect additional and new information about a product being researched. The solution to the problem lies in designing a broader research procedure that is quite flexible. This entails a hectic and tiresome process, but the results are usually worthy. Q3. Most researchers rely on the mechanical method in a bid to handle and org anizing huge numbers of data. Here, computers are largely used to their efficiency and speed that cannot be handled by the human brain. It is important to note that computers basically rely on tallying or counting words, phrases, and all sorts of coincidences that can be spotted within the data. One advantage of computers is the leverage it possesses over human beings in terms of speed and efficiency. Computers can also work efficiently in specified cases where certain positive comments about a given product are mentioned in the data (Patton, 2002). This type of data can be assessed using the so-called "red flags" and "green flags." It becomes easier to organize and handle data in this case even though it does not apply to all researches. This point also serves as its biggest weakness. Similarly, the method portrays some weakness in terms of failing to incorporate the human element in the organization of data. In other words, human interpretation and guidance is omitted from the equ ation. Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Question 4 __________ enable(s) organizations to see how potential employees will behave on the job and how they will adapt to the corporate culture. Answer Internships Networking Personal job applications Employee referrals 5 points Question 5 What type of informative presentation addresses "why" questions? Answer demonstration explanation description instructional 5 points Question 6 What type of informative presentation format simply gives an account of the status quo? Answer explanation briefing training session report 5 points Question 7 Which of the following is NOT one of the general purposes mentioned in the text? Answer to inform to persuade to motivate to critique 5 points Question 8 According to the text, the three functions of an introduction are Answer to entertain, preview purpose, and motivate. to orient, motivate, and build rapport. to build credibil ity, review main points, and provide a closing thought. to motivate, entertain, and celebrate. 5 points Question 9 The interviewee designs the resume and the cover letter based on the __________ and the research done on the company. Answer organizational structure business purpose personal biography work experience 5 points Question 10 An effective closing has three parts. Which of the following describes part two? Answer allowing the candidate to ask any final questions about the position allowing the cand

Personal Financial Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Personal Financial Planning - Essay Example Jeff has now 5 years of job remaining. The best way to utilize his resources to save the money for his retirement is to invest the amount to get a good return. So that he may have enough money to complete his post-retirement plans. Jeff is also having full National Insurance contributions and has some savings. He has won the lottery ticket prize of ï ¿ ¡800,000. Now he has to use the entire amount wisely because he has various plans to be fulfilled. These plans can only be completed by having proper use of the available cash. For that purpose, Jeff needs complete personal financial planning. Now Jeff needs to be very careful to use the money in such a way that he may fulfill his plans after retirement. Obviously he would like to use his money to earn some profit on it. The financial institutions are there to help such people. They offer different rates for the investment of 5-10 years and so on. They have different policies so one should be aware enough to choose his required package of investment according to the rates. He should deposit the amount for annuity and get the reward at the end of fiscal periods. In UK market, the present rate of pension annuity is about 40% and it also varies by institution to institution. So if Jeff starts investing his money for pension annuity then this activity will be fruitful at the time of his retirement. Moreover, statistics shows that there are chances of increase in the annuity rate in coming years. Normally the pension annuity period goes to the age of 75 in UK but mostly people avail the opportunity at the time of retirement i.e. 65. Though some people go for other options to hold their finance or maximize it. That is the remedial measure to adopt such steps during the job to secure the life after retirement. During the job, this may be the best way to save money for future. But there is another fact that if anyone at the age of 65, wants to utilize his annuity amount then there will be surely reduction of 1% in profit. This is the reason people go for other options. More the time will be; more the chances to get higher profit for annuities (Murthi, July 2000). All the people whether they are skillful or not, consider the financial planning a very important thing. With the passage of time people became aware of its importance. It’s not necessary that they have the knowledge to plan perfectly for their selves or not. The thing is that they have vision of the importance o f financial planning and they want develop a financial plan for themselves to save their financial resources for the future life. The advice of an expert financial advisor also helps the individual lot. A research study shows that only 13% people are known with the skills of financial planning. Everybody has his own preferred resources to identify the needs to plan for future life (Murphy, 2010). In Jeff’s case, we need to consider the rates of different institutions and compare their rates of annuities. The highest rate of return will be considered. Basically, the rates are linked with the period of time you are investing money for. If the time period is longer, the rate will be higher and vise versa. The investor gets the highest rate in the later years so that is the main purpose of pension annuity. This thing helps the individual to secure their future after retirement. So this will be beneficial for Jeff to invest money in pension annuity and make it more of the original . We can go for fixed annuity. In such annuity, the annuity is sure for some years e.g. we say that we have an annuity for 5 years. So it is the annuity in which number of years is fixed. The financial institution will make the payment at the end of that period. Jeff can get more of this plan. Another option is the Maximum Investment Plan offered by different

Comparison Between Indian And Us Sports News Media Essay

Comparison Between Indian And Us Sports News Media Essay This research on the differentiation between three news channels and how they telecast and cover sports in their respective countries deals primarily with sports journalism. The three news channels are New Delhi Television (NDTV) in India, CNN IBN in India and CNN in USA, here we will study the patterns in broadcasting, the journalistic values, the sports that are prominent in the two countries, the viewership with regards to different sports, the commercialization of sports and sporting events and in all sports journalism as a whole in broadcast media. The world of sports has evolved in the last century and in the first decade of the 21st century the world has seen a lot difference in sports as it has become faster, tougher and more competitive. With sports, sports journalism as well has grown over the years. We can see the change in the way sports journalism, which was just a part of the whole media now it has become unique in itself. We can see the change from the mid 1900s and to the late 1900s and now in the new millennium, sports journalism has become more and more significant and prominent in the media. In 1960, the winter Olympics were held in Squaw Valley, California and the media coverage was nowhere close to that of the 2002, Salt Lake winter Olympics. This was just an example, the 2008 2009 UEFA Champions League final between Barcelona and Manchester United was the most watched live event in television history beating that years Super bowl. This shows the differences in the way sports journalism is active in different countries and regions. This was the first time the Super bowl was defeated by a football match, the reason for this is the media. They promoted the event of the Champions League final as the match between the two best footballers in the world, Leonel Messi and Christiano Ronaldo and also the winner would be declared as the best in the world. One can see how the media uses its tactics and p roduction strategies to promote the event. Here the news values aspect is reflected in sports journalism. What maybe moral or ethical and what kind of news has to telecasted and covered these days depend on the producers, advertisers, viewers and also which sport is more interesting. Cricket in India will be broadcast in a manner that it will be shown as the most important event on Earth. Whereas, football or hockey will not be shown in the same manner. In most of the countries it depends with tradition and culture. In America the four major sports are basketball, ice hockey, baseball and their version of football. Most of the sports played in countries apart from North America are mostly the same. The most popular sport in the world is football and not American football. In America any big news relating to any other sports would not be given much importance and even if it is, it will find very little time in the whole sports segment of a news channel. Britain will claim that they have invented most of the sports that are being played in the modern day. Their way of covering sports is di fferent to that of America, they give all sports almost equal importance. They also focus on the four American sports and give them more coverage than what America gives to others. One has to consider that the pre and post events for any sporting event are watched more than the event itself. The summer Olympics is an example, the opening and closing ceremony of the event is watched by more people than the Olympics or any part of it. This shows how the media and journalism has changed in a massive way along with the sport itself. The market for sports journalism is by far the most improving and expanding one and the producers and advertisers know this and want to make full use of it for their benefit and the viewers will be shown what they want and not what exactly is happening, the whole thing is to make the event sell and to get the Television Rating Points (TRPs). It has all become commercialization and deregulation of televised sport. It has become such an important commodity. In America it has always existed as a system emphasizing the entertainment values. In many European countries it has been a model emphasizing neutrality. With the existence of exclusive sports channels like Entertainment and Sports Programming Network (ESPN), Sky Sports, etc. the news channels have to find something different to make their sports segment sell to the public. So, they use different methods of telecasting sports news. Only in sports one can find other interesting details like the lives, hobbies, relationships of the sports personalities and discuss about them in detail. There is politics in sports as well and the extra information attracts the people especially women to the sports. The term Plausibly Live was coined to describe the production of the 1996 Atlanta summer Olympics. The phrase was used as the broadcasts were not live but could have been. Durin g any event one would get the entire extra detail one any particular team or player as the television crew would be sent to find the information. Then at any time during the show they would give out the information to the viewers. The advertisers now will decide that when there must be a break and how long it must last. Now there will be more cuts in any match as it will create more interest and make the sport much faster and better. The camera angles in modern times are such that they will enhance the event than it actually is. The sport has evolved or it has been made it evolve. That is the whole idea of sports journalism in modern times. To enhance what is there to a level that is more interesting to the viewers than it is, is the way it is in these times. Methodology The methodology for this dissertation would be of two kinds. The first will be quantitative method where there would be the analysis of all the sports segments in the all three news channels and how they have allocated time and news coverage to each sport and sports personalities. Every news channel will have its own policies on telecasting any sport and how much to telecast and it will be different for every news channel. NDTV and CNN IBN would mostly have the same content and same time which is given for every sport. As both are in the country they would focus more on the sports of cricket and cricketers more than any other sport. Both these Indian channels would vary slightly in the manner they telecast the sports news. As they have to get their news segment sell. They will try to focus on what they think would be the best for the viewers and not bother about some other news that maybe important but may not be that sellable. In quantitative method the time allocated for each spor t, e.g. cricket, football, hockey, badminton, etc. is very important. The time given for individual cricketers and other sport personalities in one channel would be analyzed and compared to that of the other two news channels. What is the time given for interviews and for news and features would also be analyzed. With this one can see the difference in the way each of the three news channels differ from each other. The news content in CNN would definitely differ from that of the two Indian news channels. As they are in USA they would focus more on the sports that are famous in that part of the world. But the focus is on the news content of CNN in India and whether it would change for the Indian viewers or whether they would try and promote their sports in India. There is also the fact that CNN and CNN IBN is the same company and whether their policies would be the same or would be the different according to the region. All facts and figures that would come from the analysis of thes e news channels would be a part of quantitative methodology. There is also qualitative method where the main criteria for the analysis are the interpretation that comes out from what the news channels telecast. If one news channel gives more emphasis for one sport genuinely or if it gives more emphasis on a sport if a special occasion is there like the world cup, then the interpretation that comes out would be the basis for qualitative method. Both the methods would be used for this study as it is imperative to know the facts and figures as well as the understanding as to why there is a difference in the way each of the news channels differ in the telecasting of sports news from each other. The analysis and the comparison between these news channels would be essential to determine the difference in policies and the interests of the people in that region, so, both the methodologies are highly essential. Hypothesis Indian news is dedicating time for personalized and sensationalized news items than that of news channels. The language of commentary used by news casters and reporters in Indian news channels are using sensationalized and emotional words than that of US channels. The visual language of India sports news is deliberately generating sensationalism. Scope and Limitations The scope for this dissertation is that in the future more studies can be made on more news channels. The study can be vaster as news channels from other countries can also be included. Further research can be done as news channels can be compared to exclusive sports news channels. This will help to learn the difference in cultures, traditions and interests for sports for the people in the various regions of the world. The limitations to this study is that this study and analysis is only between three news channels, two in India and one in USA. With this it is difficult to analyze the difference between the trends in sports in both countries. By the selection of one news channel in USA one cannot determine the trends and traditions in sports there are that of the whole country. Each news channel will have its own policies and ideas, so, one cannot say that the sports news that they would telecast is the trend of that country and that is their mindset towards sports.